Getting to know Pythagoras and the Benefits of Mathematics for Everyday Life

Mathematics is a subject that plays an important role in education. This fact can be seen from the mathematics subjects that are always presented from the basic level of education to the upper level of education. Starting from kindergarten, elementary, junior high school, high school / vocational high school and even universities still present mathematics as a compulsory subject.

  

Even at the Early Childhood Education (PAUD) level, children have been introduced to numbers as basic symbols of mathematics.

Kline (1973) says that mathematics is not isolated knowledge that can be perfect because of itself, but its existence is to help humans understand and master social, economic and natural problems. Mathematical science can be applied to study other sciences such as chemistry, physics, biology, economics, social, medicine, architecture and engineering.

There are benefits for us in everyday life, namely:

a)  Mathematics trains us to become humans who are more careful, careful and less careless. Isn't it? just try it when we are counting the amount of something and then we feel doubt about the result, don't we realize the mistake and recalculate again so that the result is not wrong? Now from this understanding it can be concluded that mathematics can help us to be more careful, thorough and not careless.

b)  Mathematics trains a systematic way of thinking. Do we know that mathematical thinking is systematic, through a certain order and sequence. By learning mathematics, without realizing it, we can solve problems in a systematic way and can solve them more easily.

c)  Mathematics trains us to be patient people. Is that right? Of course, when we try to solve math problems with very complicated and long solutions, we have to be patient and not easily give up.

d)  Mathematics helps us think Rational and Logical. In everyday life, thinking rationally and logically will help us control emotions and improve thought patterns independently and sharply.

e)  Math helps activities and daily work. Mathematical science is always in touch with many things in everyday life. By learning mathematics we will easily calculate profit and loss, calculate savings and salaries and calculate the estimated cost of electricity and water.

So often we hear that mathematics is difficult, even though the difficulty can be overcome if supported by lots of practice at home.

Pythagoras in the History of Mathematics

 

Pythagoras (569-500 BC) was born on the Greek Island of Samos, and traveled extensively through Egypt, studying, among other things, Mathematics. Little was known of Pythagoras in his early years. Pythagoras rose to prominence after founding a group, "the Brotherhood of Pythagoreans", which was devoted to the study of mathematics. This group is highly cultured as a symbol, ritual and prayer. In addition, Pythagoras believed that "Many rules the universe," and Pythagorean science assigns numerical values to many objects and ideas. Numerical values, in turn, are associated with mystical and spiritual values.

Around 4000 years ago, the Babylonians and the Chinese were aware of the fact that a triangle with sides 3, 4, and 5 must be a right triangle. They used this concept to construct a right angle by dividing the length of the rope into 12 equal parts, such as the first side of a triangle is 3, the second side is 4, and the third side is 5 units of length.

Legend has it that after solving the famous theorem, Pythagoras sacrifice 100 oxen. Although he was greatly exalted by the discovery of this famous theorem, it is not clear whether Pythagoras was the real author. Scholars in the Brotherhood of Pythagoreans have written a lot of geometric proofs, but it is difficult to be certain who the founder of Pythagoras' Theorem itself, is a group that is very secretive of their findings. Unfortunately, the oath of secrecy runs counter to an important mathematical idea that the public should know. The Brotherhood of Pythagoreans has discovered irrational numbers. If we take an isosceles right triangle with feet of measure 1, then the length of the hypotenuse is. But this number cannot be expressed as a length that can be measured with a ruler divided into fraction parts, and this greatly annoyed the Pythagorean group, who already believed that "Everything is a number". They call the numbers ``alogon", which means "unutterable". Eventually they were so shocked by these figures that they were sentenced to death by a member who dared make their presence known to the public. It was only 200 years later, by Eudoxus, a Greek mathematician, who could develop a way of dealing with these unutterable numbers.

The sum of the squares of the sides of a right triangle is the same as the squares of the hypotenuse.



This relationship has been known since the days of the Babylonians and ancient Egyptians, although it may not be stated as explicitly as above. Around the middle of 4000 in the Babylonian calendar (circa 1900 BC), now known as Plimpton 322, (in a collection from Columbia University, New York), there is a column list of numbers that shows what we now call the Pythagorean Triples, i.e. satisfies the equation:

a 2 + b2 = c2

 

 

ALYA PUTRI KURNIA

X PB 2


 

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